Self-service electronic toll collection unit and system

ABSTRACT

A self-service vending unit allows a potential user of a toll transponder to buy the transponder without having to visit a customer-service facility. The vending unit automatically accepts payment, such as cash or a credit or debit card, and issues the transponder with a paid value. The vending unit communicates with a customer-service computer through a TCP/IP connection and allows the user to top off the value on the transponder and otherwise to manage the account.

REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

The present application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/486,190, filed Jul. 11, 2003, whose disclosure is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety into the present application.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to a system for self-service vending of electronic toll collection devices.

DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART

Tolls on turnpikes, bridges, and other toll facilities are increasingly collected through the use of electronic toll collection devices. The use of such devices to pay tolls is both faster and more convenient than paying in cash or tokens.

Such a device typically takes the form of a transponder that is attached to the inside of the windshield of a vehicle. The transponder stores a number identifying a user's account. At a suitably equipped tool booth, the transponder is read to determine the account number, and the user's account is debited by the amount due for the toll. The user must from time to time add money to the account. An example of such a toll collection system is E-ZPass™, used in states from Massachusetts to West Virginia.

In the state of the art, large customer-service centers are staffed to open and maintain accounts, manage transponder inventories and distribution, and provide responses to customer complaints. To obtain a transponder, a potential user must either visit one of a limited number of such customer-service centers, which may be in an inconvenient or even unsafe location and may have limited hours of operation, or order a transponder through the mail or over the Internet and then wait for it to arrive. Even users who already have transponders often have to visit customer-service centers to replenish or otherwise manage their accounts. In addition to the inconvenience to the user, such an arrangement imposes a cost on the toll authority, which must hire enough staff to serve all potential customers.

Furthermore, current operations are not convenient for cash-paying customers. Many potential users must pay cash because they do not have credit cards or even bank accounts. Others desire the anonymity and privacy provided by cash. As a result, toll authorities are limited in their ability to move to electronic toll collection, as they cannot readily accommodate users paying in cash.

Another issue is the desire to implement “open road tolling systems,” which are systems that collect tolls only automatically, without manual intervention. Toll agencies need to collect tolls from frequent users, but also desire to provide access to occasional and transitional users such as tourists or seasonal residents. The cost, time and inconvenience associated traditional tag distribution and account set up typically mean that agencies need to maintain a large number of lanes for cash collection of individual transactions to accomplish this. Alternatively, some roads in recent years (for example, Highway 407 in Toronto) have moved to all-electronic collection that uses a combination of RF tags and “pay by plate.” In “pay by plate” the agency deploys a system to capture the license plate image in lieu of the transponder. It then accesses the DMV database to obtain the vehicle owner's information and bills the vehicle owner for the transaction. This typically requires special legislation and is very expensive process to administer, driving up the cost of toll collection. Further, video capture and license plate reading (combining automated and manual processes) is inherently less accurate than the RFID based tag systems, resulting in potential lost revenue to the toll authority.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In light of the above, it will be apparent that a need exists in the art to provide convenient, automated sales of transponders and maintenance of accounts. It is therefore an object of the invention to provide an automated, self-service unit for dispensing toll collection devices.

It is another object of the invention to provide such a unit for permitting users of existing toll collection devices to manage their accounts.

It is still another object of the invention to provide such a unit which accepts payment in one or more forms, one of which may be cash.

It is yet another object of the invention to provide such a unit which can be used to implement an open road tolling system.

To achieve the above and other objects, the present invention is directed to a unit that allows for account management, maintenance, and fulfillment for mobile payment systems such as Electronic Toll Collection. The essence of the invention is a self-service unit that accepts credit cards, debit cards, and cash as payment means to open or replenish an account. The preferred embodiment consists of a unit with a slot for a magnetic stripe card reader, a cash acceptor, a receipt printer, a display, and a transponder dispenser. An interface to a transponder reader is also provided, or possibly to an integrated transponder reader. Preferably, the transponders are in a thin form with a self-adhesive (a sticker format) and are dispensed using technology similar to ticket dispensers as commonly used on toll turnpikes and in parking garages. A processing unit interfaces to all of these devices. In the preferred embodiment, the processing unit consists of a single board computer and power supply with a TCP/IP interface (the “brick”). The brick is an internet appliance, designed to interface over a TCP/IP network to any computer using a standard browser supporting HTML pages. Ideally the brick interfaces to all peripherals described above via the TCP/IP network, however some devices may require dedicated interfaces, such as an RS-232 serial interface. An interface is provided to a Customer Service Facility where the different types of accounts are maintained. The system can employ a dedicated TCP/IP network for communication between the Customer Service Facility and the unit; however, an important alternative is to use an existing banking network for this communication. This can provide the advantage that some subset of the functions of the unit can be performed using existing infrastructure (card swipe machines, validation terminals etc) already present on the network. The processing unit performs the following functions:

1. Accept Cash for anonymous and non-anonymous accounts. Receipts are printed for all cash deposits.

Four options:

a) Open an anonymous account. In this case the system opens a numbered account that is associated with the transponder number. To set up the account, a minimum dollar amount is required which typically provides sufficient funds for multiple tolls. No balance is associated with the account until cash is deposited, and higher amounts than the minimum may be initially applied. This can be done roadside, in-lane, or drive-up or walk-up. If an existing banking network is used, this can be accomplished using equipment that is already commonly available at retail merchant facilities. This can greatly enhance the reach on the overall system to account replenishment and distribution by leveraging existing infrastructure

b) Read a magnetic stripe card issued in association with an existing account and top up that account. The cash accepted then goes to top up the associated account. This can be done roadside, in-lane, or drive-up or walk-up. If an existing banking network is used, this can be accomplished using equipment that is already commonly available at retail merchant facilities. This can greatly enhance the reach on the overall system to account replenishment by leveraging existing infrastructure. However, typically this may not be preferred for in-lane operation due to a desire to reduce transaction times.

c) Accept manual (keypad) entry of tag number with cash payment, which is then associated with the account corresponding to the tag. This can be done roadside, in-lane, or drive-up or walkup.

However, typically this may not be preferred for in-lane operation due to a desire to reduce transaction times.

d) Read a tag in the lane and associate the cash payment with the account corresponding to the tag in the lane. This allows an anonymous cash based user to “pay once, use many” in the most efficient way possible. That is the preferable approach if in-lane payments are to be used due to speed of the transaction.

2. Accept Credit Cards (CC) and Debit Cards (DC)

Two options:

a) Single time use—similar options as cash

-   -   i) Open an account without auto-replenish. In this case the         system opens a numbered account that is associated with the         transponder number. To set up the account, a minimum dollar         amount is required drawn upon the credit card or debit card in a         onetime transaction with real time authorization that typically         provides sufficient funds for multiple tolls. No balance is         associated with the account until the card transaction is         complete, and higher amounts than the minimum may be initially         applied. This can be done roadside, in-lane, or drive-up or         walk-up. Even though the account is not auto-replenished, the         card used to open the account is retained such that the user can         modify the account to auto-replenish at any time at a kiosk or         on the web (or even by phone to a CSR or via voice response         system if this option was desired).     -   ii) Read a magnetic stripe card issued in association with an         existing account, then read a second magnetic stripe credit card         or debit card and top up the account. Alternatively, recognize         the account from the credit card or debit card number and top up         the associated account. If a credit card or debit card is used         to top up an account that is not auto-replenish, offer to         convert the account to auto-replenish. If the offer is refused,         retain the credit card or debit card information so that it can         be converted at a future date to auto replenish either at a         kiosk or via the web. This can be done roadside, in-lane, or         drive-up or walk-up. However, typically this may not be         preferred for in-lane operation due to a desire to reduce         transaction times.     -   iii) Accept manual (keypad) entry of the tag number with the         debit card or credit card payment, which is then associated with         the account corresponding to the tag. If a card is used to top         up an account that is not auto-replenish, an offer is made to         convert the account to auto-replenish. If the offer is refused,         the card information is retained so that it can be converted at         a future date to auto replenish either at a kiosk or via the         web. This can be done roadside, in-lane, or drive-up or walk-up.         However, typically this may not be preferred for in-lane         operation due to a desire to reduce transaction times.     -   iv) Read a tag in the lane and associate the card payment with         the account corresponding to the tag in the lane. If a credit or         debit card is used to top up an account that is not         auto-replenish, offer to convert the account to auto-replenish.         If the offer is refused, retain the CC or DB information so that         it can be converted at a future date to auto replenish either at         a kiosk or via the web. That is the preferable approach if         in-lane payments are to be used due to the speed of transaction.

b) The “club” approach is to select auto-replenish with a credit or debit card used. A one-time transaction is used to fund the account with subsequent auto-replenish. Subsequent account maintenance by can be performed over the Internet.

3. Kiosk Interface to a back office customer service center:

a) All usual routine CSC functions

a. Open Accounts

b. Make Payments

c. Maintain Accounts (change CC, DC, modify expiry etc)

d. Balance Inquiry

e. Statement Display

f. Statement Printing (may require a fee)

b) Real time credit/debit card authorization and account update required for DC and CC authorizations

c) Upgrade account from one time payment to auto-replenish.

4. Interface to a Violation Processing Center

Low funds will result in a yellow light, insufficient funds a blue light (per customer requirements). Violation images are taken of all insufficient funds holders but are held. If the account is topped up to green status within 24 hours (configurable), violation images are not processed; otherwise they are. This supports the ability to do anonymous open road tolling without a display on the tag. A user gets a low balance warning and can usually top up before going negative. However, even if the user cannot do so (driving the full length of the turnpike requires more funds than they have in their account, for example), the user is given the 24 hours to top up, either over the Internet or in a kiosk, using a debit or credit card.

The above provides a very efficient form of Customer Service for Electronic Toll Collection Systems. Toll authorities can not only greatly reduce their current operating costs with this approach, but also expand electronic collection to the vast majority or all their customers. This extends the considerable benefits of ETC to more users, further reduces operating and maintenance costs through reductions in toll collection labor and equipment, and extends road capacity by providing a free flow toll collection option for all users.

In at least one embodiment, the present invention is directed to a microprocessor-driven, motorized radio frequency (RF) tag-vending device. Designed for use in mobile payment systems such as electronic toll collection (ETC), the device provides convenient self-service account establishment and inquiry, dispenses transponders (tags), and accepts account and violation payments. The ability to machine-vend tags around the clock increases customer convenience and reduces tag sales costs over typical tag store sales.

The device according to such an embodiment accepts credit cards, debit cards, and cash as payment to open or replenish an account. The standard unit has replaceable components including a magnetic stripe card reader, a cash (bills) acceptor, a receipt printer, a touch-screen display, one or more tag dispensers, internal barcode reader, a lock mechanism, internal computer, and power supply. The internal computer controls all the internal devices.

The device interfaces to existing customer service centers (CSCs) using a CSC interface protocol. The CSC computer runs administrative software that maintains the accounts and provides balance query feedback. Device status, including inventory, error reporting, machine entry and tampering alarms, is accessible remotely.

The device can be implemented in a variety of forms, such as a stand-alone kiosk, through-the-wall, or drive-up models suitable for exterior environment applications. The enclosure for each model is constructed to meet environmental requirements and customer security needs. The device is configurable to accept a variety of bank note and card formats and also may be configured to dispense a variety of tag formats, including the eGo Windshield Sticker Tag. An optional in-machine surveillance camera is available.

A bar code scanner can be added to scan violation notices received by tollway users. Settlement of the amount owed for the violation can take place at the kiosk. Another possible use for the kiosk is that a DMV can issue vehicle registration tags to verify payment of vehicle fees collected at the kiosk.

While electronic toll collection devices are typically associated with turnpikes and bridges, other uses exist. For example, the Invention can also be used to collect fees and distribute transponders for parking applications and also for applications that collect access fees from commercial vehicles requiring access to airports. Electronic sticker tags are also now being issued by US Customs in part to replace the manual collection of user fees for shipments entering the US; the kiosk could also be used to distribute tags and collect these fees in an automated fashion. Similarly, pilot projects are underway to use transponders to expedite electronic payment for services at drive through facilities. The account management and transponder distribution required in these systems can also be accomplished through the use of the kiosk invention described herein. Therefore, throughout the specification and claims, the use of the term “electronic toll collection device” or the like should be construed as including not only transponders for turnpikes and bridges, but also all of the above and similar uses.

Such an embodiment offers a variety of advantages, such as the following:

-   -   Round-the-clock sale of RFID tags     -   Convenient, reliable transactions     -   Modular, replaceable components     -   Easy servicing     -   Flexible installation and configuration     -   Cash (bills) or credit card     -   Secure hardware and software combination     -   Simple user interface     -   Touchscreen display with integrated touchscreen keypad.

All of the above advantages combine to allow an open road tolling system.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be set forth in detail with reference to the drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 shows an exterior perspective view of a kiosk according to the preferred embodiment;

FIG. 2 shows a head-on view of a user interface panel of the kiosk of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of the interconnection among the various components of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 shows a block diagram of the interconnection among the kiosk of FIG. 1 and various remote systems;

FIGS. 5-7 show screens displayed during operation of the kiosk of FIG. 1; and

FIG. 8 shows a section of roadway on which kiosks of FIG. 1 are provided.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be set forth in detail with reference to the drawings, in which like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout.

FIG. 1 shows an exterior perspective view of a kiosk 100 according to the preferred embodiment. The kiosk configuration shown in FIG. 1 is illustrative rather than limiting; as noted above, other configurations, such as through-the-wall and drive-up models, are possible within the scope of the present invention. FIG. 2 shows a head-on view of a user interface panel 102 of the kiosk 100.

The user interface 102 is based on a screen 102, which can be a 15-inch LCD display with an integrated touch-screen keypad. A separate keypad 204 can be provided instead of, or in addition to, the integrated touch-screen keypad. Of course, other screens can be used instead, such as the cathode-ray tubes common in automatic teller machines.

The user interface 102 includes one or more (preferably more) ways of accepting payment for a transponder. For example, the user can insert cash through a cash acceptor 206, which receives and validates bills. Alternatively, the user can insert a credit card or a debit card into a card reader 208, which is preferably a manual-insert reader to reduce complexity, although a motorized reader can be used instead. Both the cash acceptor 206 and the card reader 208 are known in such arts as vending machines and will therefore not be described in detail here.

Once the user inserts payment and goes through the steps (described below) to buy a transponder, the transponder is dispensed through a motorized, adjustable transponder dispenser 210. Typically, each transponder bears a bar-code label giving the transponder number, in which case the dispenser 210 includes an internal bar-code reader. One or more such dispensers can be provided, so that the kiosk can be configured to dispense a particular type of transponder or to offer the user a choice of multiple types of transponders. For example, certain models of cars have coatings on their windshields that impair the operation of internally mounted transponders; therefore, the user can be informed of that issue and offered the option of an externally mounted transponder. The user is also offered the option of receiving a receipt through a receipt printer 212, which can be an 80 mm thermal receipt printer of the type used on automatic teller machines and self-service fuel pumps.

A bar-code reader 214 reads bar codes for various purposes. For example, a violation notice can have a bar code on it; by reading the bar code from the violation notice, the kiosk 100 can associate the violation with payment inserted by the user and thus allow the user to settle the violation. Of course, other uses of the bar-code reader can be implemented.

As noted above, the kiosk 100 can be used to issue vehicle registration stickers on behalf of a DMV or other public authority. An example of a sticker issued by another public authority is the county or municipal car-tax decal required in Virginia. Another dispenser 210 can be added, or the dispenser 210 can be modified, to fulfill that function. Of course, the renewal notice for such a sticker can bear a bar code for use with the bar-code reader 214.

The kiosk 100 can include, in an appropriate location, a security camera 104, as shown in FIG. 1. The camera 104 can be implemented as in a conventional automatic teller machine.

As shown in FIG. 3, the components of the kiosk 100 disclosed above operate under the control of a computing device or “brick” 302, which includes a single-board computer 304 and a power supply 306. The “brick” is an Internet appliance and communicates over a TCP/IP connection 308 to devices external to the kiosk. For example, in a drive-through configuration, the brick 302 communicates with an external transponder reader 310 incorporating an AVI (automatic vehicle identification) reading device 312. The transponder reader 310 allows the user to add money to the transponder account, or otherwise to maintain the account, without having to enter the transponder number manually. Thus, the transponder reader 310 allows greater speed and accuracy in accessing the transponder number.

The brick 302 also communicates with external computer systems. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the brick 302 allows the kiosk 100 to communicate with a customer service center 402 that performs back-office functions such as account creation and maintenance. The customer service center 402 in turn communicates with individual toll facilities 404, to allow the transponder to function at toll gates, and with a violations center 406 to handle low or depleted accounts. The user can also communicate with the customer service center to check and replenish the account by connecting over the Internet through a personal computer 408 or other Internet-enabled device. The customer service center 402 can also have a connection to a computer 410 at a DMV or other public authority to allow the kiosk 100 to handle payment of registration fees and vehicle taxes and the issuance of stickers for such fees and taxes.

The kiosk 100 operates in the following manner.

-   -   As shown in FIG. 5, the home screen 500 of the touch-screen         display has the following three buttons:         -   “Buy a new tag” button 502         -   “Add credit to your tag account” button 504         -   “Check your account balance” button 506         -   If you select the first or second button, a new screen will             display two buttons:             -   “Pay with cash”             -   “Pay with credit card”         -   When you select “Pay with cash” a new screen prompts:             -   “Insert your bills and press ENTER”         -   When you select “Pay with credit card” a new screen prompts:             -   “Insert your credit card”         -   The details of the menu use are shown in the scenarios             below:     -   CASH PURCHASE OF TAG AT THE MACHINE: Selected from “Buy a         tag”/“Pay with cash”:         -   A new keypad screen, shown in FIG. 6 as 600, displays with a             14-digit prompt box and the prompt:             -   “Enter a 10-digit number (such as a phone number) and a                 4-digit PIN. The             -   number you entered will be your Personal Account ID and                 PIN. Press ENTER.”         -   If user enters the “Cancel” button, go back to “Home Screen”         -   Prompt: “Insert your bills and press ENTER.”         -   Amount is displayed on the screen as bills are inserted             (cumulative)         -   When “ENTER” button is pressed, the tag is dispensed.         -   Bar code on tag is read as tag is dispensed.         -   A record from the machine to the CSC (customer service             center 402 of FIG. 4) is sent with credit to apply to tag             account.         -   A receipt is printed from the machine. Receipt should             include             -   Receipt serial number.             -   Date and time             -   Kiosk or Location Identifier             -   Tag ID             -   Personal Account ID+Pin             -   “New tag purchase with cash”             -   Breakout into 2 transactions                 -   Account activation fee                 -   Amount applied to CSC account             -   A message asking to keep the receipt for future                 references.     -   CREDIT CARD PURCHASE OF TAG AT THE MACHINE: Selected from “Buy a         tag”/“Pay with credit card”:         -   Prompt: A new keypad screen displays with a 14-digit prompt             box and the prompt (see FIG. 6):             -   “Enter a 10-digit number (such as a phone number) and a                 4-digit PIN. The number you entered will be your                 Personal Account ID and PIN. Press ENTER.”         -   If user enters the “Cancel” button, go back to “Home Screen”         -   If the user presses the “Enter” button, a new screen             displays with a prompt box and the prompt shown in FIG. 7 as             700, with the following options: $10 (button 702), $20             (button 704), $50 (button 706), and “Cancel” (button 708).             Of course, other options could be provided as needed; for             example, other numerical values could be offered as choices,             or the user could be prompted to key in a value.             -   “Choose amount to be charged to credit card and press                 ENTER.”         -   If user enters the “Cancel” button, go back to “Home Screen”         -   Prompt: “Insert your credit card”. This screen has the             “Cancel” button.         -   If user enters the “Cancel” button, go back to “Home Screen”         -   When a successful card read is performed, a tag is             dispensed.         -   Bar code on tag is read as tag is dispensed.         -   A record from the machine to the CSC is sent with credit to             apply to tag account.         -   A receipt is printed from the machine. Receipt should             include             -   Receipt serial number.             -   Date and time             -   Kiosk or Location Identifier             -   Tag ID             -   Personal Account ID+Pin             -   “New tag purchase with credit card”             -   Breakout into 2 transactions                 -   Account activation fee                 -   Amount applied to CSC account             -   A message asking to keep the receipt for future                 references.     -   CHECK ACCOUNT BALANCE: Selected from “Check account balance”         -   A keypad screen displays with a 14-digit prompt box and the             prompt:             -   “Enter your 10-digit Personal Account ID and a 4-digit                 PIN, press ENTER” (see FIG. 6).         -   If user enters the “Cancel” button, go back to “Home Screen”         -   If valid account and pin is entered:             -   Tag account balance shows on screen (from CSC                 connection).             -   Receipt is printed showing                 -   Receipt serial number.                 -   Date and time                 -   Kiosk or Location Identifier                 -   Tag ID                 -   “Balance=” Balance                 -   Account status (active, suspended, etc.)                 -   A message asking to keep the receipt for future                     references.         -   If invalid number, error message with “Invalid number. Press             HERE to continue” and display returns to main screen.     -   ADD TO ACCOUNT BALANCE WITH CASH, KEYPAD INPUT: Selected from         “Add credit to your tag account”/“Pay with cash”         -   A keypad screen displays with a 14-digit prompt box and the             prompt:             -   “Enter your 10-digit Personal Account ID and a 4-digit                 PIN, press ENTER” (see FIG. 6).         -   If user enters the “Cancel” button, go back to “Home Screen”         -   Prompt: “Insert your bills and press ENTER.”         -   Amount is displayed on the screen as bills are inserted             (cumulative)         -   If user enters the “Cancel” button, go back to “Home Screen”         -   When ENTER is pressed, screen displays updated tag account             balance (from CSC connection)         -   A printed receipt with the updated balance is printed.             -   Receipt serial number.             -   Date and time             -   Kiosk or Location Identifier             -   Tag ID             -   Personal Account ID+Pin             -   “Cash Payment=” Amount paid             -   Account status (active, suspended, etc.)             -   A message asking to keep the receipt for future                 references.         -   Verify that the tag account on CSC has been updated on CSC             screen by viewing the appropriate screen.     -   ADD TO ACCOUNT BALANCE WITH CREDIT CARD, KEYPAD INPUT: Selected         from: “Add credit to your tag account”/“Credit Card payment”         -   A keypad screen displays with a 14-digit prompt box and the             prompt:             -   “Enter your 10-digit Personal Account ID and a 4-digit                 PIN, press ENTER” (see FIG. 6).         -   If user enters the “Cancel” button, go back to “Home Screen”         -   When “Enter” button is pressed, a new screen displays with a             prompt box and the prompt shown in FIG. 7.             -   “Choose amount to be charged to credit card and press                 ENTER.”         -   If user enters the “Cancel” button, go back to “Home Screen”         -   Prompt: “Insert your credit card”         -   When a successful card read is performed, Screen displays             updated tag account balance (from CSC connection)         -   A printed receipt is printed with the following information:             -   Receipt serial number.             -   Date and time             -   Kiosk or Location Identifier             -   Tag ID             -   Personal Account ID+Pin             -   “Credit card Payment: “Amount paid             -   Account status (active, suspended, etc.)             -   A message asking to keep the receipt for future                 references.         -   Verify that the tag account on CSC has been updated on CSC             screen by viewing the appropriate screen.

Tables I, II, and III below show proposed part lists for a stand-alone kiosk, a wall-mounted unit, and an in-lane vending unit, respectively. The part lists are illustrative rather than limiting; those skilled in the art who have reviewed the present disclosure will be able to select other parts appropriate to any given situation.

TABLE I Part List for Stand-Alone Kiosk QTY FOR EACH MFR PART ITEM MACHINE NUMBER DESCRIPTION SUPPLIER Dispenser Mechanism 2 CTD-200 Dispenser mechanism Vendapin Vending Controller 1 CECB4 Vendapin Card Barcode scanner 1 FIS-0003-0002 Microscan MS-3 Bar Code Microscan Scanner, High Density, Raster type Scanner Interface Box 1 99-420001-01 IB-105 Interface box, Microscan RS232/422/485 Scanner Power Supply 1 97-100002-01 Power Supply, 90-264 Microscan VAC, +5 VDC, USA Plug (use with IB-105) Scanner Mounting 1 98-000060-01 Side Mounting Bracket Microscan Bracket 17″ Touchscreen 1 Monitor Single board PC 1 Advantech 5820 w/HD, RS- (brick) w/OS 232, RAM, chassis, OS Receipt printer 1 80 mm receipt printer with cutter Bill acceptor/Vault 1 Best grade Credit card acceptor 1 (insert model) UPS 1 Keyboard 1 (for config/test) Mouse 1 (for config/test) UPS 1 Outlet strip 1 Isobar quad outlet Metal cabinet 1 Heavy steel cabinet for security Video surveillance 1 In TagTeller, camera, video capture, video transmission system Alarm system 1 Alarm board

TABLE II Part List for Wall-Mounted Unit QTY FOR EACH MFR PART ITEM MACHINE NUMBER DESCRIPTION SUPPLIER Dispenser Mechanism 2 CTD-200 Dispenser mechanism Vendapin Vending Controller 1 CECB4 Card that co Vendapin Card Barcode scanner 1 FIS-0003-0002 Microscan MS-3 Bar Code Microscan Scanner, High Density, Raster type Scanner Interface Box 1 99-420001-01 IB-105 Interface box, Microscan RS232/422/485 Scanner Power Supply 1 97-100002-01 Power Supply, 90-264 Microscan VAC, +5 VDC, USA Plug (use with IB-105) Scanner Mounting 1 98-000060-01 Side Mounting Bracket Microscan Bracket 17″ Touchscreen 1 Monitor Single board PC 1 Advantech 5820 w/HD, RS- (brick) w/OS 232, RAM, chassis, OS Receipt printer 1 80 mm receipt printer with cutter Bill acceptor/Vault 1 Best grade Credit card acceptor 1 (insert model) Keyboard 1 (for config/test) Mouse 1 (for config/test) Metal cabinet 1 Heavy steel cabinet for security 2210 RF Reader 1 UTA Antenna 1 12-3152-002 UTA w/cktag RE feedline 15 RF connectors 2 Interface cable 20 Reader to TagTeller interface cable Transformer 1 For 2210 reader Loop detector/ 1 Single channel loop detector, materials harness, materials Antenna mounting pole & hw Enclosure heater 1 800 watt heater Hoffman Enclosure Air 1 Hoffman Conditioner Video surveillance 1 In TagTeller, camera, video capture, video transmission system Alarm system 1 Alarm board UPS 1 Outlet strip 1 Isobar quad outlet

TABLE III Part List for In-Lane Unit QTY FOR EACH MFR PART ITEM MACHINE NUMBER DESCRIPTION SUPPLIER Dispenser Mechanism 2 CTD-200 Dispenser mechanism Vendapin Vending Controller 1 CECB4 Vendapin Card Barcode scanner 1 FIS-0003-0002 Microscan MS-3 Bar Code Microscan Scanner, High Density, Raster type Scanner Interface Box 1 99-420001-01 IB-105 Interface box, Microscan RS232/422/485 Scanner Power Supply 1 97-100002-01 Power Supply, 90-264 Microscan VAC, +5 VDC, USA Plug (use with IB-105) Scanner Mounting 1 98-000060-01 Side Mounting Bracket Microscan Bracket 17″ Touchscreen 1 Monitor Single board PC 1 Advantech 5820 w/HD, RS- (brick) w/OS 232, RAM, chassis, OS Receipt printer 1 80 mm receipt printer with cutter Bill acceptor/Vault 1 Best grade Credit card acceptor 1 (insert model) UPS 1 Keyboard 1 (for config/test) Mouse 1 (for config/test) UPS 1 Outlet strip 1 Isobar quad outlet Metel cabinet 1 Steel cabinet-lighter duty than for stand-alone system Video surveillance 1 In TagTeller, camera, video capture, video transmission system Alarm system 1 Alarm board

As noted above, the kiosk 100 can be used to implement an open road tolling system. A way of doing so will be explained with reference to FIG. 8. As shown in that figure, a section of roadway 800 includes special lanes 802 between toll gantry points 804. The special lanes 802 have kiosks 100 on them.

By putting the kiosks 100 in the lanes 802, users can very efficiently and quickly be set up to use the electronic tag system. This avoids the need to rely on “pay by plate” or individual transaction cash collection to accommodate occasional and transitional users. The enhanced efficiency and convenience of the process also permits more rapid market penetration for the tags in general, making all electronic tolling that much easier and cheaper. One possible approach to convert to an all electronic toll road without reliance on video billing is the following.

Drivers pull up into a lane 802. The lane 802 is equipped with an automated kiosk 100 with a bill collector/credit card reader and e-sticker issuing machine. As the driver approaches access to the facility, and if the vehicle does not have a valid transponder or sticker, the driver is directed by an electronic sign to a drive-through machine, where the driver has a choice to buy a pre-paid sticker, with a one time user fee of $3.50. The user inserts a bill and gets the balance credited in tolls. For example, if the user puts in $5.00, the user gets $1.50 in pre-paid toll. If they put in a $20.00 bill they get $16.50 in prepaid tolls. If they use a credit card, they can pay amount they choose (with the same user fee), but have the option to make the sticker “replenishable,” thus avoiding a new user fee the next time they use the system. Users also have a choice of using the internet or a 1-800 number using IVR to “top-up” their account. If users want to pay cash again, they get a new sticker and pay a new user fee The sticker then acts as a pre-paid tag for the remainder of the trip. Alternatively, an authority might decide to permit in-lane account “top up” by interfacing the tag reader to the kiosk, as described above with reference to FIG. 3. Payments made at the kiosk would automatically be associated with the account related to the tag in the lane.

While a preferred embodiment has been set forth in detail above, those skilled in the art who have reviewed the present disclosure will readily appreciate that other embodiments can be realized within the scope of the invention. For example, disclosures of numerical values are illustrative rather than limiting, as are disclosures of certain types of transponders and of the screen prompts. Also, the connections shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 can be any suitable type of connection. Furthermore, the user interface 102 can be modified in any suitable way; examples are such features of existing automatic teller machines as audible prompts and buttons on both sides of the display 102 for selecting options on the display. Moreover, as explained above, while the invention is contemplated for use with road tolls, it has application to any transponders or other electronic devices used for payment for service; accordingly, the term “electronic toll collection device” in the specification and claims should be given a meaning broad enough to cover all such transponders and other devices. Therefore, the present invention should be construed as limited only by the appended claims. 

1. A system for self-service vending of an electronic toll collection device, the device comprising: a vending unit; a payment acceptance device, located in the vending unit, for accepting payment for the electronic toll collection device; a dispenser, located in the vending unit, for dispensing the electronic toll collection device from the vending unit; and a processing device, located in the vending unit and in electronic communication with the payment acceptance device and the dispenser, for providing a stored value for the electronic toll collection device by transmitting the stored value from the vending unit to a remote computer for maintaining account information regarding the electronic toll collection device and controlling the dispenser to dispense the electronic toll collection device in accordance with the payment accepted by the payment device.
 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising a communication link for providing communication between the processing device and a the remote computer.
 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the connection between the processing device and the remote computer comprises an Internet connection.
 4. The system of claim 1, further comprising a display, in electronic communication with the processing device, for guiding a user in purchasing the electronic toll collection device.
 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the display comprises a touch screen for both guiding the user and receiving commands from the user.
 6. The system of claim 4, further comprising a key pad for receiving commands from the user.
 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the payment acceptance device comprises a cash acceptor for accepting the payment in cash.
 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the payment acceptance device further comprises a card reader for accepting the payment in electronic form through a card.
 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the payment acceptance device comprises a card reader for accepting the payment in electronic form through a card.
 10. The system of claim 1, further comprising an input device for receiving a number of an existing electronic toll collection device, wherein the processing device increases the stored value for the existing electronic toll collection device in accordance with the payment accepted by the payment acceptance device.
 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the input device comprises a user input device for manual input of the number.
 12. The system of claim 10, wherein the input device comprises a reader for automatically reading the number from the electronic toll collection device.
 13. The system of claim 1, further comprising a bar code reader, in electronic communication with the processing device, for reading a bar code from a document and for transmitting information in the bar code to the processing device, wherein the processing device associates the information in the bar code with payment accepted by the payment acceptance device.
 14. The system of claim 1, wherein the dispenser comprises a dispenser for issuing motor vehicle tax or license decals.
 15. A system for self-service vending of an electronic toll collection device, the device comprising: (a) at a first location, a vending unit comprising: a payment acceptance device, located in the vending unit, for accepting payment for the electronic toll collection device; a dispenser, located in the vending unit, for dispensing the electronic toll collection device from the vending unit; and a processing device, located in the vending unit and in electronic communication with the payment acceptance device and the dispenser, for providing a stored value for the electronic toll collection device and controlling the dispenser to dispense the electronic toll collection device in accordance with the payment accepted by the payment device; (b) at a second location, an administrative computer for maintaining account information regarding the electronic toll collection device; and (c) a communication link between the first location and the second location for providing electronic communication between the processing device in the vending unit and the administrative computer; wherein the processing device provides the stored value by transmitting the stored value over the communication link to the administrative computer for maintaining account information regarding the electronic toll collection device.
 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the communication link comprises an Internet connection.
 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the vending unit further comprises a display, in electronic communication with the processing device, for guiding a user in purchasing the electronic toll collection device.
 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the display comprises a touch screen for both guiding the user and receiving commands from the user.
 19. The system of claim 17, further comprising a key pad for receiving commands from the user.
 20. The system of claim 15, wherein the payment acceptance device comprises a cash acceptor for accepting the payment in cash.
 21. The system of claim 20, wherein the payment acceptance device further comprises a card reader for accepting the payment in electronic form through a card.
 22. The system of claim 15, wherein the payment acceptance device comprises a card reader for accepting the payment in electronic form through a card.
 23. The system of claim 15, wherein the vending unit further comprises an input device for receiving a number of an existing electronic toll collection device, wherein the processing device increases the stored value for the existing electronic toll collection device in accordance with the payment accepted by the payment acceptance device.
 24. The system of claim 23, wherein the input device comprises a user input device for manual input of the number.
 25. The system of claim 23, wherein the input device comprises a reader for automatically reading the number from the electronic toll collection device.
 26. The system of claim 15, wherein the processing device transmits the stored value to the administrative computer, and wherein the administrative computer stores the stored value.
 27. The system of claim 26, wherein the vending unit further comprises an input device for receiving a number of an existing electronic toll collection device, wherein the processing device transmits an instruction to the administrative computer to increase the stored value for the existing electronic toll collection device in accordance with the payment accepted by the payment acceptance device.
 28. The system of claim 27, wherein the administrative computer is in communication with a violation processing center and controls the violation processing center not to process a toll violation if the stored value is increased within a predetermined time period after the violation.
 29. The system of claim 28, wherein the vending unit further comprises a bar code reader, in electronic communication with the processing device, for reading a bar code from a document and for transmitting information in the bar code to the processing device, wherein the processing device transmits the information in the bar code to the administrative computer for association with the payment accepted by the payment acceptance device.
 30. The system of claim 26, wherein the administrative computer is in communication with a toll facility at which the electronic toll collection device is usable for paying a toll, and wherein, when the electronic toll collection device is used at the toll facility, the administrative computer deducts the toll from the stored value.
 31. The system of claim 26, wherein the administrative computer is in communication with a computer system operated for a public authority for collection of motor vehicle taxes or fees, and wherein the administrative computer communicates an amount of the payment accepted by the payment acceptance device to the computer system operated for the public authority.
 32. A method for self-service vending of an electronic toll collection device, the method comprising: (a) providing a vending unit for allowing a user of the electronic toll collection device to purchase the electronic toll collection device, the vending unit comprising a dispenser for automatically dispensing the electronic toll collection device from the vending unit; (b) automatically accepting payment for the electronic toll collection device from the user through the vending unit; (c) automatically providing a stored value for the electronic toll collection device by transmitting the stored value from the vending unit to a remote computer for maintaining account information regarding the electronic toll collection device; and (d) automatically controlling a dispenser located in the vending unit to dispense the electronic toll collection device from the vending unit in accordance with the payment accepted in step (b).
 33. The method of claim 32, wherein step (c) comprises: (i) maintaining account information at a remote location regarding the electronic toll collection device; and (ii) transmitting the stored value to the remote location for storage at the remote location.
 34. The method of claim 33, wherein step (c)(ii) is performed over an Internet connection.
 35. The method of claim 32, wherein the vending unit comprises a display, and wherein step (a) comprises guiding the user through the display in purchasing the electronic toll collection device.
 36. The method of claim 35, wherein the display comprises a touch screen for both guiding the user and receiving commands from the user, and wherein the method further comprises receiving the commands from the user through the touch screen.
 37. The method of claim 35, wherein the vending unit comprises a key pad, and wherein step (a) comprises accepting commands from the user through the key pad.
 38. The method of claim 32, wherein step (b) comprises automatically accepting the payment in cash.
 39. The method of claim 32, wherein step (b) comprises automatically accepting the payment in electronic form through a card.
 40. The method of claim 32, further comprising: (e) receiving a number of an existing electronic toll collection device; (f) automatically receiving additional payment; and (g) automatically increasing the stored value for the existing electronic toll collection device in accordance with the additional payment received in step (f).
 41. The method of claim 40, wherein step (e) comprises receiving a manual input of the number.
 42. The method of claim 40, wherein step (e) comprises automatically reading the number from the electronic toll collection device.
 43. The method of claim 40, further comprising (h) controlling a violation processing center not to process a toll violation if the stored value is increased within a predetermined time period after the violation.
 44. The method of claim 32, further comprising automatically deducting a toll from the stored value when the electronic toll collection device is used at a toll facility to pay the toll.
 45. A method for self-service maintenance of an account for an electronic toll collection device, the electronic toll collection device having an identifying number and being associated with a stored value, the method comprising: (a) providing a vending unit for a user of the electronic toll collection device; (b) receiving the identifying number through the vending unit; (c) automatically accepting a payment from the user through the vending unit; and (d) automatically increasing the stored value for the electronic toll collection device in accordance with the payment accepted in step (c).
 46. The method of claim 45, wherein step (b) comprises receiving a manual input of the number from the user through the user interface.
 47. The method of claim 45, wherein step (b) comprises automatically reading the identifying number from the electronic toll collection device.
 48. The method of claim 45, further comprising controlling a violation processing center not to process a toll violation if the stored value is increased within a predetermined time period after the violation.
 49. The method of claim 45, further comprising (e) controlling a violation processing center to apply the payment accepted in step (c) to a toll violation.
 50. The method of claim 49, wherein step (e) comprises reading a bar code from a violation notice issued pursuant to the toll violation and communicating information in the bar code to the violation processing center.
 51. A method for self-service checking of an account for an electronic toll collection device, the electronic toll collection device having an identifying number and being associated with a stored value, the method comprising: (a) providing a vending unit for a user of the electronic toll collection device; (b) receiving the identifying number through the vending unit; (c) receiving a command through the vending unit to check the account from the user through the user interface; (d) automatically accessing the stored value; and (d) automatically displaying the stored value to the user through the vending unit. 